[Potential use of thermoneutral «dry immersion¼ in oncological rehabilitation]. / Potentsial'noe ispol'zovanie termoneitral'noi «sukhoi immersii¼ v onkoreabilitatsii.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an analytical review of the available literature data on thermoneutral «dry immersion¼ (TSI) - a method that simulates the state of weightlessness/microgravity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The review included data from electronic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Wiley, World Health Organization, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, PubMed, elibrary, CyberLeninka, disserCat. RESULTS: The extensive database of in vitro studies contains information on the reduction of cell proliferation, invasion, migration and increased apoptosis of thyroid, breast, lung, stomach, colon cancer cells, Hodgkin's lymphoma, glioblastoma, leukemia, melanoma, osteosarcoma of a human under the influence of microgravity. The vast majority of works are devoted to experiments on healthy people to finding out the mechanisms of action of long-term continuous microgravity. The study of the therapeutic effect of TSI as a physiotherapeutic procedure of one or repeated sessions was carried out by individual authors. Positive results of a short stay in the unsupported model were obtained in the treatment of children with perinatal disorders, cerebral palsy, patients with hypertension in a state of hypertensive crisis, Parkinson's disease, skin burn II gr. The results of the analytical review provide an opportunity to begin scientific research on the effectiveness and safety of thermoneutral «dry immersion¼ in the complex rehabilitation of cancer patients.

Recovery Effects of Foam Rolling on Psychophysiological Responses in Thai National Male Ice Hockey Players.

We examined the short-term effects of foam rolling (FR), dynamic stretching (DS), and passive rest (PR) following simulated ice hockey exercise (IHE) on heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BL), leg choice reaction time (CRTleg), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and global rating of change (GRC) in elite ice hockey players. The study followed a randomized cross-over design. Fifteen national male ice hockey players were assigned to the FR, DS, or PR interventions for 10 mins following 35- min of simulated IHE. HR and BL were obtained at 0-, 5- and 10-min post-intervention. CRTleg and RPE were assessed pre-and post-intervention. GRC was evaluated post-intervention. The PR decreased HR faster than the DS at 5-min of post-treatment. Whereas the FR and DS reduced BL levels faster than the PR at 5- and 10-min post-treatment. There was no difference in CRTleg among the FR, DS, and PR. The FR had lower RPE scores compared to the DS and PR post-treatment. As perceptual aspects, the FR was the most preferred treatment by ice hockey athletes. The FR and DS exerted more beneficial effects on BL but not on HR by the passive rest. The FR showed the most effective treatment on the psychological demands by improving RPE and perceptual responses over the DS and PR. Thus, the FR could be used as a choice for post-game recovery treatment on improving physiological and perceptual responses following an intense match-play in ice hockey players.

Effects of a Cool-Down after Supramaximal Interval Exercise on Autonomic Modulation.

Supramaximal interval exercise alters measures of autonomic modulation, while a cool-down may speed the recovery of vagal modulation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a cool-down (pedaling a cycle ergometer at 50 rpm against a resistance of 45 W) versus passive recovery (no pedaling) after supramaximal interval exercise on autonomic modulation. Sixteen moderately active individuals (Mean ± SD: 23 ± 3 years (men: n = 10; women: n = 6) were assessed for autonomic modulation at Rest, and 15 (R15), 30 (R30), 45 (R45) and 60 (R60) min following supramaximal interval exercise. Linear measures of autonomic modulation included natural log (ln) total power (lnTP), high-frequency power (lnHF), the ratio of low frequency (LF) to HF ln(LF/HF) ratio, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (lnRMSSD), while non-linear measures included sample entropy (SampEn) and Lempel-Ziv entropy (LZEn). Two-way repeated ANOVAs were used to evaluate the main effects of condition (cool-down, passive recovery) across time (Rest, and R15, R30, R45 and R60). There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) condition by time interactions for SampEn and LZEn, such that they decreased at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min during passive recovery compared to Rest, with the recovery of SampEn and LZEn by 60 and 45 min, respectively, during cool-down. There were significant (p ≤ 0.05) main effects of time for lnTP, lnHF and lnRMSSD, such that lnTP, lnHF and lnRMSSD were attenuated, and lnLF/HF ratio was augmented, at all recovery times compared to Rest. These data demonstrate that a cool-down increases the recovery of nonlinear measures of vagal modulation within 45-60 min after supramaximal interval exercise, compared to passive recovery in moderately active individuals.

Renal Function Recovery Strategies Following Marathon in Amateur Runners.

Long distance races have a physiological impact on runners. Up to now, studies analyzing these physiological repercussions have been mainly focused on muscle and cardiac damage, as well as on its recovery. Therefore, a limited number of studies have been done to explore acute kidney failure and recovery after performing extreme exercises. Here, we monitored renal function in 76 marathon finishers (14 females) from the day before participating in a marathon until 192 h after crossing the finish line (FL). Renal function was evaluated by measuring serum creatinine (sCr) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We randomly grouped our cohort into three intervention groups to compare three different strategies for marathon recovery: total rest (REST), continuous running at their ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) intensity (RUN), and elliptical workout at their VT1 intensity (ELLIPTICAL). Interventions in the RUN and ELLIPTICAL groups were performed at 48, 96, and 144 h after marathon running. Seven blood samples (at the day before the marathon, at the FL, and at 24, 48, 96, 144, and 192 h post-marathon) and three urine samples (at the day before the marathon, at the finish line, and at 48 h post-marathon) were collected per participant. Both heart rate monitors and triaxial accelerometers were used to control the intensity effort during both the marathon race and the recovery period. Contrary to our expectations, the use of elliptical machines for marathon recovery delays renal function recovery. Specifically, the ELLIPTICAL group showed a significantly lower ∆GFR compared to both the RUN group (p = 4.5 × 10-4) and the REST group (p = 0.003). Hence, we encourage runners to carry out an active recovery based on light-intensity continuous running from 48 h after finishing the marathon. In addition, full resting seems to be a better strategy than performing elliptical workouts.

Effect of the Cooldown Type on Session Rating of Perceived Exertion.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of cooldown modality (active vs passive) and duration (5, 10, and 15 min) on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Secondarily, the possible influence of training sessions' demand on this effect was studied. METHODS: A total of 16 youth male soccer players (15.7 [0.4] y) completed 2 standardized training sessions per week across 6 weeks. During weeks 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 6, cooldown lengths of 15, 10, and 5 minutes were studied, respectively. Using a crossover design, players were randomly assigned to 2 groups and each group performed 1 of 2 different cooldown interventions. Passive and active cooldown interventions based on static stretching and running exercises were studied. Heart rate and sRPE were recorded during all training sessions. RESULTS: The lowest sRPE was observed when passive cooldown was performed. When the hardest training sessions were considered, a significant main effect of cooldown modality (P < .01) and duration (P < .05) and an interaction effect between these variables (P < .05) on sRPE were obtained. The lowest (P < .01) sRPE was observed during the longest cooldown (15 min). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that sRPE may be sensitive to the selected cooldown modality and duration, especially following the most demanding training sessions.

Effect of vibration and electrical stimulation recovery model on delayed muscle pain of basketball pitchers / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation are often used as the main means of warming up or restoring activities before and after centrifugal exercise. However, it is unclear whether the two passive restoring methods can improve the explosive power of subjects, the range of motion of joints and the positive benefits of metabolic waste removal. OBJECTIVE: To reveal the benefits of whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation in alleviating the muscle injury of basketball pitchers after pitching using whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation to restore the shoulder joint, and provide important reference for basketball players and coaches to conduct scientific training and avoid sports injury caused by the change of pitching movements. METHODS: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Southwest Medical University, and the participants and their families signed the informed consents. Twelve college male basketball players volunteered to participate in this study. Repeated measurement and balanced sequence design were used to divide the experiment into whole body vibration recovery, electromyographic stimulation recovery and no treatment (control group); each time interval was 7 days. The participants were trained to shoot (5 innings, 25 balls/inning). After each inning, the pitchers were immediately restored for 6 minutes. The conscious muscle soreness index, range of motion, and serum contents of creatine kinase and myoglobin were detected at baseline, and 24,48 and 72 hours after pitching. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation passive recovery modes had significant positive effects on alleviating conscious muscle soreness index, serum creatine enzyme and serum myoglobin of basketball pitchers, and there was no significant difference between two modes. (2) Whole body vibration passive recovery mode had significant positive effects on restoring shoulder range of motion, but electromyographic stimulation had no significant positive effect on shoulder rotation. (3) Whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation electromyographic stimulation passive recovery modes showed no significant effect on the range of motion of recovery of elbow flexion and extension. (4) These results indicate that whole body vibration and electromyographic stimulation immediate passive recovery in basketball pitching training can significantly reduce the level of related indicators of muscle injury after pitching, but only whole body vibration treatment can significantly improve the joint range of motion.

Active recovery shows favorable IGF-I and IGF binding protein responses following heavy resistance exercise compared to passive recovery.

IGF-I and IGFBPs have important physiological modulatory effects and this study sought to examine the influence of active vs. passive recovery following a heavy resistance exercise on IGF-I and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) recovery responses. It was hypothesized that increased IGF-I and decreased inhibitory IGFBPs during active recovery may be reflective of cascades promoting physiological recovery. 18 untrained men ((AR n = 7, PR n = 11), age: 26 ±â€¯4 years, height: 174 ±â€¯8 cm, body mass: 75 ±â€¯13 kg) performed either a protocol-specific 10 × 10 × 30% 1RM active (AR) or passive recovery (PR) session following a heavy resistance exercise session performed on a leg press device (10 × 10 1RM). Maximal isometric force production (MVC) and IGF- and IGFBPs were measured pre, post, 1-hr post, and next morning. A significantly greater relative response in IGF-I was observed in AR than in PR at post recovery and next morning (p < .01 and statistical trend, respectively) while absolute concentrations of IGFBP-1 at next morning were significantly higher in PR than AR (p < .05), and relative IGFBP-1 response from control to next morning in PR was significantly greater than in AR (p < .001). IGFBP-1 may be inhibitory to IGF-I biological action, thus the lower concentration of IGFBP-1 after AR may be considered favorable in terms of recovery due to its positive relationship with glucose metabolism and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. These results suggest that some of the benefits of an active recovery bout may be mediated by favorable IGF-I system responses (increased IGF-I and decreased IGFBP-1) in the hormonal milieu that may assist facilitating the cascade of physiological recovery processes following acute heavy resistance loading exercise.

Parasympathetic activity delayed after self-paced exercise.

The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the constant load and self-paced exercise with similar total work on autonomic control after endurance exercise. Ten physically active men were submitted to (i) a maximal incremental exercise test, (ii) a 4-km cycling time trial (4-km TT), and (iii) a constant workload test with identical total external work performed at 4-km TT. Gas exchange was measured throughout the tests, while blood lactate, heart rate, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during the passive recovery. Power output measured at the last lap (i.e. 3600-4000 m) of 4-km TT (316 ± 89 W) was statistically higher than power output measured at the end of the constant workload exercise (211 ± 42 W). The 4-km TT produced higher values of blood lactate concentration (8.8 ± 2.1 mmol L-1) than the constant workload test (7.8 ± 2.1 mmol L-1). The heart rate recovery measured at 60 s (constant workload: 37 ± 7 bpm; 4-km TT: 30 ± 6) and 120 s (constant workload: 57 ± 9 bpm; 4-km TT: 51 ± 9 bpm) were higher in the constant workload than in the self-paced exercise. The HRV (i.e. RMSSD30s) was statistically higher in the constant load exercise measured at 120, 420, 450, 480, 540, and 570 s than the self-paced exercise. These findings suggest that the autonomic control responses were dependent of the endurance exercise modalities, with parasympathetic activity being delayed after self-paced exercise, as evidenced by post-exercise heart rate indices.

Active and passive recovery influence responses of luteinizing hormone and testosterone to a fatiguing strength loading.

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute hormonal and muscular responses to a strenuous strength loading [bilateral leg press (LP) 10 × 10 1RM] followed by loading-specific active (AR, n = 7, LP 10 × 10 × 30% 1RM) or passive (PR, n = 11, seated) recovery. The subjects were men age: 26 ± 4 years, height: 174 ± 8 cm, body mass: 75 ± 13 kg. After control measurements, experimental measurements were conducted at pre- and post-loading as well as post-recovery and next morning. A significantly higher absolute concentration (p < 0.05) of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) was observed in AR than PR at next morning while no differences were observed in serum testosterone (T), cortisol (C) or sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Significant differences in relative hormonal responses to the loading were observed at next morning with greater responses observed in AR than in PR in terms of LH, and T (p < 0.05). Maximal bilateral isometric force (MVC) and countermovement jump height (CMJ) decreased significantly (p < 0.001) from the control measurements in both AR and PR but returned to control levels by next morning. No between-group differences were observed in mean absolute or relative changes in MVC or CMJ. From a hormonal perspective, the present AR method appears to have had some favorable effects following the strenuous strength loading; however, acute decreases in muscular force production did not significantly differ between groups. These results provide insight into the development of training programs that may help to support the performance of individuals involved in strenuous tasks.

A influência de diferentes recuperações entre as séries no treinamento de força / The influence of different recuperations between sets in resistance exercises

O objetivo foi verificar a influência de diferentes formas de recuperações entre séries no desempenho das repetições e percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE). Quatorze homens (20,61 ± 3,01 anos; 73,72 ± 6,03 kg; 175,08 ± 5,25 cm; 24,08 ± 2,1 kg/m²) realizaram teste e reteste de 10RM no supino horizontal em dias não consecutivos. Foram executadas quatro séries no supino horizontal para 10RM com intervalo de dois minutos e com diferentes procedimentos de recuperação: passivo e ativo (movimentos cadenciados similares à execução do supino horizontal). A ANOVA one-way demonstrou que para as duas recuperações, reduções progressivas ocorreram no número de repetições (1a < 2a < 3a < 4a série). Não foram observadas diferenças nas repetições entre recuperações tanto, em cada série, como para o número total de repetições na recuperação passiva (25,83 ± 5,51repetições) e na recuperação ativa (27,58 ± 3,75 repetições). Para a PSE verificada antes e após a execução das séries, ocorreram elevações a partir da terceira série para ambas as recuperações. Maiores valores da PSE para a recuperação ativa comparada com a recuperação passiva foram observados na quarta série. Concluímos que não ocorreram diferenças entre os protocolos de recuperação, porém com maior fadiga para a recuperação ativa.

Our aim was to verify the influence of different rest protocols between sets for the number of repetitions and perceived effort scale (PES). Fourteen trained men (20.61 ± 3.01 years; 73.72 ± 6.03 kg; 175.08 ± 5.25 cm; IMC = 24.08 ± 2.1 kg/m²) performed tests and retest of 10RM on the bench press in non-consecutive days. Subjects performed four sets of 10RM on bench press with two minute rest interval between sets, and two distinct rest procedures: passive and active recovery (cadenced movements similar to the bench press). The ANOVA one way demonstrated that for both recuperations, progressive reductions occurred on the number of repetitions (1a < 2a < 3a < 4a sets). No differences were shown between both rest protocols for each set, as well for the total number of repetitions on passive (25.83 ± 5.51repetitions) and active recovery (27.58 ± 3.75 repetitions). For the PES obtained before and after each set, significant elevations occurred from the third set for both recuperations. Higher values of PES for active recovery compared to passive recovery were shown on the fourth set. We concluded that no significant differences occurred between the recoveries protocols, although, higher values of effort were perceived at the active recovery.

Influence of Ramadan Fasting on Anaerobic Performance and Recovery Following Short time High Intensity Exercise.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic power and capacity and the removal rate of lactate after short time high intensity exercise in power athletes. Ten male elite power athletes (2 wrestlers, 7 sprinters and 1 thrower, aged 20-24 yr, mean age 22.30 ± 1.25 yr) participated in this study. The subjects were tested three times [3 days before the beginning of Ramadan (Pre-RF), the last 3 days of Ramadan (End-RF) and the last 3 days of the 4(th) week after the end of Ramadan (After-RF)]. Anaerobic power and capacity were measured by using the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) at Pre-RF, End-RF and After- RF. Capillary blood samples for lactate analyses and heart rate recordings were taken at rest, immediately after WAnT and throughout the recovery period. Repeated measures of ANOVA indicated that there were no significant changes in body weight, body mass index, fat free mass, percentage of body fat, daily sleeping time and daily caloric intake associated with Ramadan fasting. No significant changes were found in total body water either, but urinary density measured at End-RF was significantly higher than After-RF. Similarity among peak HR and peak LA values at Pre-RF, End- RF and After-RF demonstrated that cardiovascular and metabolic stress caused by WAnT was not affected by Ramadan fasting. In addition, no influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic power and capacity and removal rate of LA from blood following high intensity exercise was observed. The results of this study revealed that if strength-power training is performed regularly and daily food intake, body fluid balance and daily sleeping time are maintained as before Ramadan, Ramadan fasting will not have adverse effects on body composition, anaerobic power and capacity, and LA metabolism during and after high intensity exercise in power athletes. Key pointsNo significant changes were assessed on body composition, daily sleeping time and caloric intake, and body fluid balance in regularly trained power athletes during Ramadan fasting.Ramadan fasting has no adverse effect on power outputs of short time high intensity exercise.No influence of Ramadan fasting on LA metabolism during high intensity exercise and passive recovery in regularly trained power athletes.